The Andean-Amazonian transition in Peru is one of the world's main biodiversity hotspots, boasting a remarkable variety of landscapes due to its numerous life zones. Within this region lies San Martín, covering an area of 51,253.31 km² (3.9% of the country's total area). Its capital is Moyobamba, and it comprises 10 provinces and 77 districts. San Martín primarily spans the basins of the Huallaga and Mayo rivers, as well as the Biavo, Sisa, Saposoa, and Huayabamba rivers. The key economic activities in San Martín include agriculture, livestock, hunting, and forestry. These sectors generate rural employment and produce food and raw materials for regional, national, and international agro-industries. Notable agricultural products include rice, coffee, cocoa, corn, livestock pastures, palm, and various fruit trees. Since 2022, San Martín has been the leading cocoa producer in Peru, accounting for over 40% of the national production. The region's cocoa is genetically diverse, originating from the area between northern Peru and Ecuador. However, agricultural activities have paradoxically caused 75% of the region's forest loss. Currently, about 2.29 million hectares of ecosystems (both forested and non-forested) exhibit signs of degradation, whether due to natural or human-induced factors. This includes loss of vegetation cover, reduced productivity, and forest fragmentation. On a positive note, San Martín has 1,328,717.75 hectares (25.96% of its landscape) under some form of protection, including three national, two regional, and twelve private conservation areas. Additionally, 575,902.88 hectares (11.25% of the landscape) are designated as conservation concessions. Notably, the Abiseo River National Park is recognized by the IUCN as a World Heritage Site.
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The Andean-Amazonian transition in Peru is one of the world's main biodiversity hotspots, boasting a remarkable variety of landscapes due to its numerous life zones. Within this region lies San Martín, covering an area of 51,253.31 km² (3.9% of the country's total area). Its capital is Moyobamba, and it comprises 10 provinces and 77 districts. San Martín primarily spans the basins of the Huallaga and Mayo rivers, as well as the Biavo, Sisa, Saposoa, and Huayabamba rivers. The key economic activities in San Martín include agriculture, livestock, hunting, and forestry. These sectors generate rural employment and produce food and raw materials for regional, national, and international agro-industries. Notable agricultural products include rice, coffee, cocoa, corn, livestock pastures, palm, and various fruit trees. Since 2022, San Martín has been the leading cocoa producer in Peru, accounting for over 40% of the national production. The region's cocoa is g
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